Internal-combustion engine.



G. RACTLIFFH INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE,

APPLICATION FILED JAN. f5, 1913.

Patented Aug, 1914 UNITED STAQQQEN enorme enormen? or "Newmomenzv, eeerenon., nv Mestre eseronmnn're, ro

JOHN r. enerve, or NEW vente, n. v.

INTERNAL-CUMBUSTIN ENGINE.

Specicetion o1 letters Patent.

rammed nog. eegieiet ofallt'ultm it may ca -neem."

vBe'xit.known that l, Geenen RAC'rLirrn,

n subject of. .theKing of Great Britain, land a resident of the' borough' of Bronx, city7 connty,` and Stetef of New' York, have n1 vented certein new end uselul improvements in Interiial-Cornbustion Engines, of

. which thev following is e specification, rei

erence being 'hed to the drawings hereto ettaehed and ma'cle e perl: hereof?.

My invention-relates to enginee, end. more partieulerly'thetclass known es internati combustion engines, or in which the conch tiene regarding valve control ot the gases,

to incl from the'cylinder :ne such as to require'y speciell eonstructlon, nini my improvevmentsl pertain to valves, telve arrangement.

and' operation and .tentures pertinent thereto.

Asn result of my invention nioreei'leetive valve control,I e lighteninleol' the mow ing parte, :iflvantegcs ol replacement and repeir,"econoiny of construction. end otherl feetilies; ot superiority or benefit in the .xmannfzieture lor operation willfloe epperent.

Vlrhile'the vfezitnrles-"ott my invention are Vmore specificilly set forth inthe clnims,` l

have shown e perticuler iorin'otf emhodi mento my invention 1n the drawings 'here l. to attached, in whieli-- .eiong l@ is tering `sometimes celled junk rinpm; l?, ll" :1re inlet nrnlfeiihzwst valves; (i, G ere valve eterne; ll, il links; .J ere hell ei'zmk levers; KQK ere eccentric links; l). L ere crank pins oli-valve shafts M, M.

' (lDny the vulve stein (il is e. shoulder on which rests n coller through which projects e shunkf' having' n. nut f. The inlet end outlet' ports ure N, N leerling to recessed portions l5, P of the inner well oi the cylinder. y I i In l the ernhodiinent olr my 1nventio-n shown. it will appear thetthe engine cyl- `inderf lmsthe usuel pieton to reciprocate in it with connecting roll tocranl pin, te l. operate e (.finnk-slnrlt in' the` cranleeese B. l

. lnv the cylinder A lthe uplger encl ie so cast that recesses l); l iney be conInter-bored|` from the top on the are of e Circlet, short distance from the upper encl'oi the cylin` der. This counter-bore Vextends to 'the'in-1 let and outlet and connectswith .the ports N, N So'thet the inlet or outlet of grises through the inlet or outlet ports 'will pese through the counter-boreportion P, l), exi cept when the opening' frein-'the porttd" the conntenhore is elosetluhy the 'velveeli or F; l Longitndinelly thronghfthe Well ot' the cylinder e hole ie bored to accommodate the valve eteniG. At the" triplet the valve stem (lie e ehonldervon whieh yrests :i collerY thronghwhieh passes e shank f on which the valve F fits, sind :1s shown is secured. to e nut ff" secured tothe end of the shank."

The lower end otthe valve stem (i ie connected by linlr H to a bell crenh lever J, which is operated by eccentric linlr K,t`in turn inovefl h v the Crunk' o'r eccentric pin L, which is n pinniounted eccentrieally on ve valve-shaft M( which may loe merle in 'any suitehle `torni. ny usuel geen or ehnin. connection (not Sliownf'itroni the crnnlr shalt nnty he ueecl tolproperly operate the valve-elieiteet proper'- speed retio and timing.

0n the upper end oit the cylinder" the eyliinlenheed@ is bolted. und has the ex teneion C projecting; into the upper end lll) of the cylinder e Sufficient distance toenL gege the inner surface of the valves F, F except that between the heed C end the valves; there is e pecking or junk ring E, which may he oi suitable liorm toeii'ect the pm-poses oi n' peclringring. The projection i (Y of the heed is cnt ewey on opposite eideeor et pointe opposite the porte'lil-lhA lint only to euch extent that the junk ring.' still :imply engages find supports the valves let o'l gases. That is the 'extension C" lo jects 'from the upper end downwardly into the cylinder, en extent-which will not i1"1te1 tere with the piston, hut enflicient to sup port the valves F end F, enel et which e, recess or scallop is' ont. in the prcfection,y eo es to lenveeuvpport for'the valve, ut afford euiicient opening forgesee to passent or in. In the construction enti operation ot the engine ,it will be seen that the valve" F is mede in e 'torni Simple encl cheat? to. nmnn'1 facture, the recesses or counter-"loros P, l

4F-Jll". and also permits-the inlet encl'o'ntf are simple and cheap te make in the cylinder, and are very simple to provide for in the casting of the cylinders. 1 make the valve l@ or il" short longitudinally sothat it is just suilicient to properly cover the in- .let or exhaust port for which it intended, with the necessary overlz i and by so doing 'reduce the weight of t minimum, thereby minimizing the weight of reciprocating parts and the minimum of Wear and friction. involved in the reciprocating' of 4the valve, By reducing the size nf this valve to a minimum, the cost is reduced and the expense of replacement in case of wear is minimized. The stem G while attached, as abovedescribed, to" the valve, may he secured in any suitableovay, the collar f' being a removable collar engag ing the small shoulder on the stein, to nerease the `surface of engagement between the stein and the valve which may be further increased by modification in dimensions andarrangem'ent. By having this removable collar f, the valve stem G: may Vbe inY sorted from the lower end of the cylinder and the valve put in place :trom above, and may be replaced from above without removal oi' the stem. The connection at the lower end of thestem with the link H may also be modified `so that the stem proper may be uncoupled and', removed. With the valve attached, mechanically fixed or integrally at the upper end, as desired, to meet certain conditions of operation, by welding the valve head to the stem, although in my preferred torni l 'construct the valve and stem as shown. By minii'nizing the longitudinal height of' the valve F, the bearing suiiaciI in the same requiring lubrication is minimized, and the surfaces between the valve and the recesses or cmmterJo'ores P, l, and between it and the j unl;` ring E, becomes a more simple and easy matter. The holes longitudinally through the cylinder-wallsto accommodate the valve stein G', are such in size and position'th'a't the question of leakage becomes negligible, and the clearance canrbc made such as to insure perfect lubrication and accoii'imodation for any variation in expansion (nviiig to the heating and cooling of the cylinders.

It will be noted that the cylindci'-head cap D covers the cylinderdicad, forming a y water-jacket which may be connected with the cylinder wateiejaclcct so as to complete a water-jacket overthe cylinder and head coming in close contact with the walls adjacent to the valve recesses, and therefore insuring the vreliability of lubrication between the recesses and the valves and preventing over-heating of the valves and their connections. The arrangement ot the cylinderhead with the spark plug in the center, as shown, affords the advantage of central ignition and the possibilities of a symmetrical valve proper to a meente port comprising a. recess in the inner Wall. t the cylinder open on one side to the comnv bustion chamber, and extending from the` upper end of the cylinder to a point slightly beyond the port, a projection' on the inside,

of the cylinder head concentric with the. inner surface of the cylinder Wall proper, a valve for each recess having its outer side symmetrical with the ,louter Wall ofits ren cess, and its inner side substantially tlnsl'r with the remaining surface of the inner' wallv et thecylinder, a valve stem foreach of said valves tol operate them independe- 'ently one ofthe other, said valve steinepass# ing through holes in the cylinderwall' par allel with the axis of the cylinder' and!v adapted to reciprocate said valves respiecevv tively, valve mechanism in the cranflncase of theengine operated bythe engine to reciprocate said stems.

2. yln an engine, a cylinder and cylinder wall having inlet and'outlet,v ports, a cyl?, inder-head to close one end of said cylinder, a'circular projection on saidhead extendinur inwardly below the top of said cylinder wal recesses in the cylinder Wall counter-bored from the inside of and extending from the head end of said cylinder and forming spaces f adjacent to said ports partly inclosed by the inner extension of said cylinder-head, valves fitting said spaces With inner faces flush with the interior cylinder wall and of a width slightly in excess-0f the width if said port openings, a stem for each of said valves extending from said valve space to the lower end ot said cylinder and connections to 0perate said valve stem.

fl. ln an internal combustion engine, inlet and outlet ports near the head of the cylinder, a main cylinder section, a Waterjacliet therefor, a cylinder head, a piston having a predetermined movement in said cylinder, two separately disposed c0unterhores about the top of said cylinder above the limit of movement of said piston, valves in said counter-bores adapted to engage theouter surface thereof and having their innery surfaces concentric with the upwardly proT jected surface oi' the cylinder 'wall above the limit of movement of said piston, a stem for each of said valves projecting through the cylinder proper and valve operating mech-v anism to move said stems and valves.

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